ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Burhanuddin Arafah is a Professor in English Literature at the Faculty of Letters, Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) Makassar of Indonesia. He was born on 3 March 1965 at Cangadi Soppeng, South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. His Bachelor Degree (Drs.) in English Literature was obtained from the English Department, Faculty of Letters, UNHAS of Indonesia in 1988 with a Cumlaude predicate. His Master Degree in American Literature (also in Cumlaude predicate) and Ph.D. in Australian Literature were successfully obtained from Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta of Indonesia in 1995 and the Faculty of Social Sciences and Education at the University of Newcastle NSW Australia in 2002 respectively. Since he was appointed to be lecturer at the English Department of the Faculty of Letters UNHAS in 1990, he has been dedicating himself on various academic careers: Secretary to the Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies UNHAS (1989- 1992), Liaison Officer for UNHAS at the University of Newcastle Australia (1998- 2002), Secretary to the Rector of UNHAS (2002-2009), Head of International Office UNHAS (2009), Dean of the Faculty of Letters UNHAS (2009-Present), Alumni Regional Coordinator (Indonesia) of the University of Newcastle Australia (2010-Present), and Member of National Accreditation Board-Higher Education Institution, Republic of Indonesia (2010-Present). He has also been actively participating at various national, regional, and international seminars on English Literature, English language and cultural studies in Indonesia, Australia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Japan, Korea, and People Republic of China.
He has published some articles and books, such as: “Franklin’s Cooperation and Emerson’s Individualism in Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself” and ‘Democratic Vistas’” in Gadjah Mada University Graduate Research Publication, 8 (4A), November 1995.; “Dramatic Structure and Absurdism in Edward Albee “The Zoo Story” and Putu Wijaya ‘Aduh’” in Research Institute Bulletin of UNHAS, VII (4), December 1996; “Female Responses to the Australian Landscape in the ‘Letters of Rachel Henning’ and Catherine Spence’s ‘Clara Morison’” in Research Institute Bulletin of UNHAS, XVII (47), December 2001; Editor of Manifest: Journal of American Studies (ed.) Yogyakarta: American Studies Graduate School, Gadjah Mada University, 2004; Editor of Nady Al Adab: Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa, Sastra, Seni dan Kebudayaan Arab, Department of Western Asian Literature, Faculty of Letters of UNHAS, 2004-Present; Cooperation Versus Individualism in American Literature. Makassar: Gora Pustaka Indonesia, 2005; “Love and Smile’ Teaching: An Approach to the English Teaching Methodology” (Burhanuddin Arafah and Abdul Rahman) in JULISA (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) Faculty of Literature, Islamic University of North Sumatera, Vol.6 No.1, April 2006; “Naturalism as Seen in Stephen Crane’s Selected Works” in Research Institute Bulletin of UNHAS, Volume I May 2006; “Meaning and Significance of Robert Frost’s ‘Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening’ and ‘The Road Not Taken’ in Research Institute Bulletin of UNHAS, Volume I May 2006; “Cultural Dynamics and Historical Contexts of Australia 1800-1820” in Journal of Dinamika Kebudayaan, University of Udayana Denpasar, Volume VIII August 2006; “Malay- Indonesian Short Stories Between 1870 and 1910: Some Notes” in Kemelayuan Indonesia dan Malaysia: Bahasa, Sastra, Media, Globalisasi dan Agama. Jakarta: Department of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia, 2006; Editor of Journal of Linguistics and Literature, Faculty of Literature, Islamic University of North Sumatera, 2006-Present; Chief Editor of LENSA BUDAYA: Journal of Cultural Sciences, Faculty of Letters, UNHAS, 2006-Present; “Transformasi Budaya dan Impilkasinya” (M.Bahri Arifin and Burhanuddin Arafah) in LENSA BUDAYA: Journal of Cultural Sciences, Faculty of Letters, UNHAS, Volume II, No. 1, April 2007; “Profile of Learning Strategy Used by Indonesian Adult Learners of English” (M. Bahri Arifin and Burhanuddin Arafah) in LENSA BUDAYA: Journal of Cultural Sciences, Faculty of Letters, UNHAS, Volume II, No. 3, December 2007; “Group Work Activity to Encourage Students to Speak” (Sieng Daud Laratu and Burhanuddin Arafah) in JULISA (Journal of Linguistics and Literature, Faculty of Literature, Islamic University of North Sumatera, Volume 7 No.1, April 2007; “Culture Shock in Indonesia”, presented at The 2010 Summer Conference of the Linguistic Society of Korea held on 11-12 June 2010 at Kunsan National University, South Korea (Proceeding); and “Literature as Reflection of Humanity and Bond of National Unity” presented at International Seminar on Language and Culture 2010: Language and Literature in the National Contexts, conducted on 6-7 July 2010 in Mataram (Proceeding).
This book reproduces for the first time the letters surviving in major Australian collections written by women from the Australian colonies between 1788 and 1840. This collection of 574 letters contains writing by a diverse group of women of different class and educational background, occupation, and marital status, and discusses a wide variety of topics from domestic and family matters to business matters, matters of government, and petitions for grants of land. The materials are restricted to letters written from the colonies themselves, and their recipients include relatives, friends and government authorities in both the Australian colonies and England. The quantity and diversity of the literary field represented in this book complements current, partial representations of early Australian women’s letter writing in anthologies, biographies and historical and cultural studies, which privilege certain writers, classes and issues in their limited and selective representations of the field. This body of material also challenges a set of related critical assumptions directed towards colonial women’s textual practice, which overwhelmingly privilege texts and genres from the later nineteenth century, and raises currently unexamined questions of gender and textuality in the period. As women’s primary form of textual expression in the early colonial Australia, the letters reproduced here highlight a new set of relations between specific colonial contexts and early colonial women’s textual practice, a practice characterised by its substance, diversity and complexity. The letters are arranged alphabetically rather than chronologically with the major consideration that the alphabetical order enables the author to organize an extensive body of letters without introducing historical, political, or literary biases, which are inevitable result of other methods of organization. To organize the letters chronologically would be of benefit to historians, who would like to compare and contrasts subjects and events discussed by women in relation to political and social change in the colony. Chronological ordering, used in many existing published selections of letters, has resulted in editions that focus on the second half of the nineteenth century, a period in which letters written by women were more common. Chronological arrangement, however, has led to the omission of undated letters from other printed collections of women’s letters – an omission that skews readers’ understanding of the writing practices and conventions used by women in the Australian colonies. To organise the letters according to their subject, such as collections by women who were authors of literature, botanists, or members of specific social classes, introduces literary and political bias that inevitably disguises the range of topics that women discussed.
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